Diabetes during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of maternal and fetal complications. Maternal risks include preeclampsia, hypertensive disorders, and cesarean delivery, while fetal risks involve macrosomia, congenital anomalies, neonatal hypoglycemia, and long-term metabolic consequences. Effective management requires early detection through screening, strict glycemic control, individualized nutrition and lifestyle interventions, and pharmacological therapy when necessary. Multidisciplinary care involving obstetricians, endocrinologists, dietitians, and diabetes educators is critical to monitor both maternal and fetal health. By implementing proactive strategies and continuous monitoring, healthcare providers can minimize adverse outcomes, enhance pregnancy safety, and improve long-term health for both mother and child.
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