The coexistence of diabetes and obesity presents complex challenges requiring integrated clinical approaches. Lifestyle interventions, including tailored nutrition plans, regular physical activity, and behavioral therapy, remain the cornerstone for managing both conditions. Pharmacological options, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, provide dual benefits of glycemic control and weight reduction. For eligible patients, bariatric surgery offers substantial and sustained improvements in weight and may induce diabetes remission. Multidisciplinary care, involving endocrinologists, dietitians, behavioral specialists, and surgeons, ensures comprehensive management of metabolic risk factors, comorbidities, and psychosocial aspects. By combining lifestyle, pharmacological, and surgical strategies, healthcare providers can optimize metabolic outcomes, enhance quality of life, and reduce long-term complications in patients with diabetes and obesity.
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