Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision impairment in individuals with diabetes, making early detection and effective treatment critical. Regular screening using retinal imaging, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows timely identification of microvascular changes before vision loss occurs. Management strategies include glycemic and blood pressure control, pharmacological interventions such as anti-VEGF therapy, corticosteroids, and laser photocoagulation for advanced cases. Patient education and routine follow-up are essential to prevent disease progression and preserve vision. By integrating early screening programs, innovative diagnostic tools, and evidence-based treatment approaches, healthcare providers can mitigate the impact of diabetic retinopathy, improve patient outcomes, and maintain ocular health in diabetic populations.
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